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The Swiss Family Robinson
(German: Der Schweizerische Robinson) is a novel, first
published in 1812, about a Swiss family who are shipwrecked in
the East Indies en route to Port Jackson, Australia.
As written by Swiss pastor Johann David Wyss, and edited by his
son Johann Rudolf Wyss, the novel was intended to teach his four
sons about family values, good husbandry, the uses of the
natural world and self-reliance. Wyss's attitude towards
education is in line with the teachings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
and many of the episodes have to do with Christian-oriented
moral lessons (frugality, husbandry, resignation, co-operation,
etc). The adventures are presented as a series of lessons in
natural history and the physical sciences and resemble other
similar educational books for children in this period, for
example, Charlotte Turner Smith's Rural Walks: in Dialogues
intended for the use of Young Persons (1795), Rambles Further: A
continuation of Rural Walks (1796), A Natural History of Birds,
intended chiefly for young persons (1807). However the novel
differs in that it is based on the model of Defoe's Robinson
Crusoe, a genuine adventure story, and presents a geographically
impossible array of mammals — including pangolins, porcupines,
capybaras, camels, monkeys, lions, leopards, tigers, bears,
onagers, peccaries, wild boars, tapirs, mustangs, kangaroos,
elephants, hyenas, wolves, giraffes, jackals, walruses,
platypuses, koalas, wombats, dingos, zebras, bison, rhinos,
hippos, and moose — and a flora that probably could never have
existed together — including the rubber plant, flax, coconut
palms, sago palms, and Myrica cerifera — on a single island for
the edification, nourishment, clothing, and convenience of the
children
Over the years there have been many versions of the story with
episodes added, changed, or deleted. Perhaps the most well known
English version is by William H. G. Kingston first published in
1879. It is based on Isabelle de Montolieu's 1824 French
adaptation and continuation Le Robinson suisse, ou, Journal d'un
père de famille, naufragé avec ses enfans in which were added
further adventures of Fritz, Franz, Ernest, and Jack. Other
English editions which claim to include the whole of the Wyss-Montolieu
narrative are by W. H. Davenport Adams (1869-10) and Mrs H. B.
Paull (1879). As Carpenter and Prichard write in The Oxford
Companon to Children's Literature (Oxford, 1995), "with all the
expansions and contractions over the past two centuries (this
includes a long history of abridgments, condensations,
Christianizing, and Disney products), Wyss's original narrative
has long since been obscured." The closest English translation
to the original is William Godwin's 1816 translation, reprinted
by Penguin Classics.
Although movie and TV adaptations typically name the family
"Robinson", it is not a Swiss name; the "Robinson" of the title
refers to Robinson Crusoe. The German name translates as the
Swiss Robinson, imply a Swiss version of Robinson Crusoe, rather
than a Swiss family named Robinson.
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